One such experiment was done in an Adventure Racing scene. The Adventure Racing team tested in the experiment I read about consisted of three person teams. All of the teams that competed in this particular race participated in the experiment. Their findings were outstanding and are summarized here,
"Consistent with the theoretical concept, the results of the study indicated
a moderate to strong positive relationship between perceptions of collective
efficacy and subsequent performance at each CP (checkpoint) and throughout the race. The
findings provide some support for the structure and relationship defined by
the theoretical concept (of Collective Efficacy). That is, a reciprocal relationship exists between col-
lective efficacy and performance (Myers et al., 2004; Watson et al., 2001)."
So to reiterate the point of their findings, the higher or more prevalent the collective efficacy of the team the higher or better performance was found. Those teams who showcased high levels of Collective Efficacy performed the best in the race.
As far as answering the questions posed by Sampson, here are my responses below (I will be answering the questions on a 1-5 scale. 1 being least likely to to action and 5 meaning extremely likely to take action.):
- The likelihood of my neighborhood taking action if children on a street corner were hanging out and skipping school would be a 4.
- The likelihood of my neighborhood taking action if children are spray-painting a graffiti on a local building would be a 5.
- The likelihood of my neighborhood taking action if children were showing disrespect to an adult would be 3.
- The likelihood of my neighborhood taking action if a fight broke out in forms of their house would be a 5.
- The likelihood of my neighborhood taking action if the fire station closest to home was threatened with budget cuts would be a 3.
All things considered after answering these questions myself, I feel my neighborhood has a medium to high presence of collective efficacy. I do feel safe and have a high confidence level that if the situations above were to occur or if a serious crime took place in my neighborhood the probability for action to be taken would be very high!
Reference to Adventure Racing here - http://sgr.sagepub.com/content/40/2/163.full.pdf+html
Reference to Adventure Racing here - http://sgr.sagepub.com/content/40/2/163.full.pdf+html
I think it is very interesting that collective efficacy even has place in different situations besides communities. I would have never thought of it working in a team situation because in my mind social ties would be more dominate in a team compared to collective efficacy. The Adventure Racing article that you referenced would be interesting to read... Okay, I went and found the article I scanned over it. It doesn't appear the racing team were picked at random, and the article even references how basketball team do better on their home court compared to playing on the road because of the collective efficacy felt towards the home court. I think this is interesting because Sampson seems to separate social ties and collective efficacy. However, this article seems to be suggesting the concepts can work together.
ReplyDeleteLily Lusk's blog response backs-up Sampson's argument. Lily wrote, "Browning, Feinberg and Dietz challenged the typical idea of collective efficacy, in their paper the paradox of social organization they discuss how they used a census to test the theory that social networks (our relationships within the community) mixed with collective efficacy have basically cancelled each other out and those neighborhoods have become a "social capital" for offenders." I have not had a chance to read the article, but it seems that this research shows social ties and collective efficacy don't mix.
Anyway, I enjoyed your blog response and was very heuristic, because it forced to research more.